Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026

Interpersonal value regulates infection-risky social contact across 61 societies.

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Sun Hongyu, Spadaro Giuliana, Pelica Sofia, Kamiloğlu Roza G, Abrahams Loes, Ackerman Joshua M, Adams Savannah, Al-Shawaf Laith, Alvergne Alexandra, Amponsah Benjamin, Andersen Njål, Antfolk Jan, Atamtürk Duyar Derya, Bai Songshi, Barbato María Teresa, Barbosa Sergio, Barclay Pat, Becker D Vaughn, de Souza Beatriz B, Boggio Paulo Sérgio, Böhm Robert, Boonyasiriwat Watcharaporn, Camperio Ciani Andrea S, Can Ali Rıza, Case Trevor I, Chan Kai Qin, Contreras-Huerta Luis Sebastian, Conway Paul, Chevallier Coralie, Côté Éloïse, Dale Sam P, Delgado Espinoza Florencio, Dlouhá Daniela, Duyar Izzet, Elbæk Christian T, Fan Qiran, Fernández Ana María, Ferreira Diogo C S, Fessler Daniel M T, Flores-Kanter Pablo Ezequiel, Frankowska Natalia, Freitas Ana Luísa, Fülöp Márta, Gallucci Marcello, Garfield Zachary H, Garrido Margarida V, Gecer Ekmel, González-Portilla Macarena, Grigoryev Dmitry, Ha Minh-Tri, Hamdaoui Brahim, Hamid Sahar Nadeem, Hansson Lina S, Havlíček Jan, Hilbig Benjamin E, Hohm Ian, Holka Szilárd, Hong Minsung, Horita Yutaka, Hsu Hsin-Ping, Inbar Yoel, Ishii Keiko, James Olivia M, Jarmakowski Tomasz, Ji Tingting, Jiménez-Leal William, Kamble Shanmukh, Kaňková Šárka, Karabeliova Sonya, Kasali Honnête-Nyandu, Kim Jinseok P, Kiyonari Toko, Kliatchko John Manuel R, Köbis Nils, Kocsor Ferenc, Kordsmeyer Tobias L, Kupfer Tom R, Cuesta Lorena Lázaro, Leong Christine Xiang Ru, Lewis David M G, Lieberman Debra, Liu Hongtao, López-Morales Hernán, López-Calle Claudio, Lund Ingunn Olea, Macchiavello Fiorella, Marchenko Olga, Marcinkowska Urszula M, Marcu Gabriela Mariana, Meskó Norbert, Mishra Suyash, Mitev Kaloyan, Miura Asako, Monge Rodríguez Fredy S, Morello Leticia Y, Mota Bruna E F, Murray Damian R, Obialo Felix-Kingsley, Ojedokun Oluyinka, Olsson Mats J, Palomo-Vélez Gonzalo, Panizza Folco, Pantaleão Fernanda Naomi, Penke Lars, Penn Daniel, Perinetti Andrea, Prodromitis Gerasimos, Putz Ádám, Quiroga-Garza Angelica, Reddy Nagireddy Neelakanteswar, Reyes Marc Eric S, Rojas-Thomas Felipe, Rothschild Rachel, Sabree Kaelyn, Sahli Fatima Zahra, Sarabian Cécile, Sarmento André, See Ya Hui Michelle, Shavega Theresia Julius, Shebani Zubaida, Sianipar Agnes, Singh Divita, Sojoudi Sajjad, Soler-Anguiano Francisco Leonardo, Soveri Anna, Stevenson Richard J, Stewart-Williams Steve, Suay Ferran, Suh Eunkook M, Kambere Jean-Roger Syayipuma, Szepsenwol Ohad, Tadmor Carmit T, Tager-Shafrir Tair, Tavakoli-Berg Elahe, Tewari Shruti, Tognetti Arnaud, Tsitseli Antonia, Uriarte Ignacio Leandro, Heel Martijn Van, van Leeuwen Florian, Ventura Alfio, Wang Jin, Wang X T, Watts Joseph, Wu Junhui, Yeh Su-Ling, Yau Eric Kenson, Yeung Victoria Wai Lan, Zickfeld Janis H, Tybur Joshua M

Аннотация

Interpersonal contact is essential for cooperation and care, but it also provides a route for pathogen transmission between individuals. Hence, a key challenge for social organisms involves maintaining beneficial social contact while also limiting exposure to infection risks. Existing proposals suggest that this trade-off is guided by the interpersonal value of specific social targets. In addition, ecological and cultural factors, including historical pathogen prevalence, individualism-collectivism, tightness-looseness, and relational mobility, might also shape how people avoid pathogens. To test whether and how infection-risky social contact varies with individual-level interpersonal value and these societal-level factors, we collected data from 47,756 participants across 61 societies. Participants were randomly assigned to picture a social target - either a friend, acquaintance, stranger, or enemy. They then rated their comfort with infection-risky contact with that target (e.g., drinking from the same water bottle) and whether they would touch the target when greeting them. In all societies, participants were more comfortable with infection-risky contact and more likely to engage in physical contact during greetings with targets of higher interpersonal value. Such associations varied only modestly across societies. Notably, the associations between infection-risky contact and societal-level factors depended on target interpersonal value and were concentrated among high-value targets-contact was lower where historical pathogen prevalence and tightness were greater and higher where individualism and relational mobility were greater. These findings suggest that infection-risky contact is primarily guided by the value of social targets, with ecological and cultural factors playing a lesser role.

Предметные рубрики MeSH

Humans Interpersonal Relations Female Social Behavior Social Group Male Adult Social Values

Interpersonal value regulates infection-risky social contact across 61 societies.

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Аннотация

Предметные рубрики MeSH