Gaceta medica de Mexico · 2026
Factors associated with academic delay in the first two years of the medical program at UNaM.
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Rivera-Paredez Berenice, Olaiz Gustavo, Alpuche-Hernández Amílcar, Fernández-Altuna M Ángeles, Salmerón Jorge, Sepúlveda-Vildósola Ana C
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Academic delay affects both the quality and equity of education. Identifying its associated factors, stratified by sex, is key to designing effective interventions.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between sociodemographic, mental health and lifestyle factors and academic underachievement during the first two years of medical school, stratified by sex and pandemic period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 10,866 first-year medical students (2017-2023) from the Faculty of Medicine at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), followed for two years. Multivariate logis-tic regression models were applied, stratified by sex and pandemic period.
RESULTS: Differences were observed across the three periods in academic, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables. Among men, older age, attending Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades (CCH), overweight/obesity, and experiences of violence increased the risk of academic delay, whereas high previous academic performance, parental education, effective study strategies, and family support were protec-tive factors. Among women, older age, attending CCH, violence, and the combination of depression and obesity were associ-ated with higher risk, while private high school education and higher maternal education level were protective.
CONCLUSIONS: Academic underachievement is influenced by sociodemographic and health factors, with sex-based differences. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions to improve academic performance and reduce inequalities.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between sociodemographic, mental health and lifestyle factors and academic underachievement during the first two years of medical school, stratified by sex and pandemic period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 10,866 first-year medical students (2017-2023) from the Faculty of Medicine at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), followed for two years. Multivariate logis-tic regression models were applied, stratified by sex and pandemic period.
RESULTS: Differences were observed across the three periods in academic, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables. Among men, older age, attending Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades (CCH), overweight/obesity, and experiences of violence increased the risk of academic delay, whereas high previous academic performance, parental education, effective study strategies, and family support were protec-tive factors. Among women, older age, attending CCH, violence, and the combination of depression and obesity were associ-ated with higher risk, while private high school education and higher maternal education level were protective.
CONCLUSIONS: Academic underachievement is influenced by sociodemographic and health factors, with sex-based differences. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions to improve academic performance and reduce inequalities.