Role of micronutrients, phytochemicals, and lipid metabolism in mammary gland development, lactation efficiency, and breast cancer risk.

BACKGROUND

Micronutrients, dietary phytochemicals, and lipid metabolism influence mammary gland growth, lactation efficiency, and breast cancer incidence. The present retrospective investigation evaluated these aspects using clinical, dietary, and biochemical data from women with established lactation and breast cancer outcomes.

METHODS

This retrospective analysis involved 800 women found through hospital electronic medical data. Dietary consumption of micronutrients and phytochemicals was evaluated via food frequency questionnaires and dietary recalls. Lipid metabolism was assessed via serum lipid parameters and fatty acid indicators. Outcomes involved mammary gland growth markers, lactation history and efficiency, mammographic density, breast cancer risk, and tumor features. Multivariable regression analysis corrected for demographic, reproductive, lifestyle, and clinical variables were applied.

RESULTS

Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 48.5% of subjects and was related with higher breast cancer incidence (adjusted OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.21-2.33). Breast cancer instances had decreased intakes of vitamin D, folate, selenium, zinc, and vitamin A compared with controls. Increased dietary phytochemical index (DPI) was linked with reduced breast cancer incidence (adjusted OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.32-0.71). Dyslipidemia was observed in 60.8% of individuals and was linked with elevated tumor grade and advanced stage. Extended periods of exclusive breastfeeding have been linked to a lower incidence of breast cancer.

CONCLUSION

Micronutrient consumption, dietary phytochemical concentrations, lipid metabolism indicators, and lactation history show substantial relation with breast cancer probability, mammographic density, and tumor features in this population highlighting the importance of nutritional and metabolic markers in breast health outcomes.