Component Analysis Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap/MS and Immune Regulatory Activity Assessment by an LPS-Stimulated Macrophages Model of Sacha Inchi Shell (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) Extract.

Sacha Inchi shell (SIS) is the fruit shell of Sacha Inchi (SI), a perennial woody vine belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family and native to the Amazon tropical rainforest region. Due to its various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune modulation, it has also attracted the attention of numerous scholars. We characterized and identified the Sacha Inchi shell water extract (SISWE) using UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap/MS technology. A total of 44 compounds were identified, which 30 components were detected in SISWE for the first time. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of SISWE via using the normal RAW264.7 macrophage model and LPS-induced inflammatory macrophage model. The research results indicated that SISWE enhanced the immune response by promoting the phagocytic ability, production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in normal RAW264.7 cells, suppressed the excessive release of NO, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells, decreased the expression level of iNOS protein, and markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of p65, ERK, and JNK, demonstrating good immune regulatory effects. In this study, we demonstrated the bidirectional immunomodulatory function of SISWE. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of SISWE for both immunodeficiency-related diseases and immune hyperactivation-related disorders.