Synergy between stem cell therapy and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Parkinson's disease: a mini-review of combined neuroregenerative strategies.

Parkinson's disease remains a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic options that can modify disease progression. While conventional treatments like levodopa alleviate motor symptoms, they often fall short in addressing long-term neurodegeneration and may lead to significant side effects. Recent advances in regenerative medicine have highlighted the potential of combining stem cell therapy with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) enhancement as a synergistic approach to restore dopaminergic function and promote neuronal survival. Stem cells not only offer the capacity to replace lost neurons but can also serve as delivery vectors for sustained BDNF expression, amplifying neuroprotective effects through Tropomyosin receptor kinase B-mediated signaling pathways. Preclinical studies in animal models demonstrate that this combined strategy enhances motor recovery, reduces neuroinflammation, and promotes neural circuit integration. As the field progresses, this dual therapy holds great promise for transforming the future management of Parkinson's disease by offering both symptomatic relief and disease modification.