Epigenetic processes in substance abuse, and behavioral addictions: Involvement of dopaminergic pathways.

Substance abuse and behavioral addictions, characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences, represent significant public health concerns. These disorders are underpinned by complex neurobiologic mechanisms, particularly involving the brain's reward circuitry, which is primarily mediated by the dopaminergic system. The accumulated findings underscore the significant environmental effects on the epigenetic state of reward system- related genes, which may predispose individuals to addiction. This review synthesizes current literature on the epigenetic landscape associated with substance and behavioral addictions, emphasizing dopamine dysregulation in the brain as a critical factor. We explore how alterations in DNA methylation and histone modifications within dopaminergic pathways contribute to the addiction phenotype. Our research underscores the necessity of understanding the interplay between genetic predisposition and epigenetic influences in shaping addiction vulnerability.