Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor in Atopic Dermatitis: Impact of Nanocrisaborole on Biopharmaceutical Performance and Treatment Outcomes.

The skin condition in atopic dermatitis, commonly referred to as eczema, is characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Eczematous lesions frequently present with itching, irritation, broken skin, oozing, and crusting. Due to weakened immunity, patients with atopic dermatitis are more susceptible to developing additional conditions such as asthma and hay fever. Topical treatment of atopic dermatitis, including the use of promising PDE4 inhibitors such as crisaborole, is limited in its ability to permeate deeper into the skin due to poor physicochemical properties, including low aqueous solubility and difficulty in penetrating the epidermis. The delivery of existing therapeutics, such as crisaborole, using nanotechnology is a promising approach to overcome these limitations. Moreover, understanding the chemistry, structure-activity relationship, physicochemical properties, and stability of crisaborole is essential to ensure the quality, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of the active pharmaceutical ingredient during the development of novel pharmaceutical products. The present manuscript comprehensively discusses the significance of PDE4 inhibitors, specifically crisaborole, in the management of atopic dermatitis and the utilization of nanotechnology to evaluate its impact on biopharmaceutical performance and therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the detailed chemistry, structure-activity relationship, and metabolic fate of crisaborole are discussed to understand the stability of nanocrisaborole during its shelf life as a novel pharmaceutical product.