Why Kids Crash: Risk Factors for Pediatric E-Bike Injuries in California.

BACKGROUND

Electric bikes (e-bikes) are increasingly popular, particularly among pediatric riders, and pose a greater risk of serious injury than traditional bicycles due to their higher speeds. However, limited data exist regarding traffic and environmental conditions associated with pediatric e-bike crashes. This study aims to characterize the circumstances surrounding these collisions to better understand risk factors contributing to e-bike crashes.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted of police-reported e-bike collisions involving riders ≤18 years recorded in the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) between 2021-2025. Demographic characteristics, roadway conditions, and collision data were analyzed and stratified by injury severity.

RESULTS

878 pediatric e-bike crashes were identified. Median rider age was 14 years (IQR 13-15) and most were male (79.4%). 69 crashes (7.8%) resulted in serious injury, 491 (55.9%) in minor injury, 177 (20.1%) in possible injury, and 141 (16.0%) had an unknown injury status. Riders sustaining serious injuries were less likely to be helmeted and more likely to be involved in collisions in low-light conditions (p <0.0001 for both). Cyclists were reported at fault for 62.1% of accidents, with 12.1% involving e-bikers practicing unsafe riding practices. Hit-and-run accidents accounted for 8.8% of crashes.

CONCLUSION

Pediatric e-bike crashes are frequently attributable to rider behavior. Crashes occurring in low-light conditions or involving riders without helmets are associated with greater injury severity. These findings highlight opportunities for targeted education and policy intervention for riders and drivers to reduce the number and severity of pediatric e-bike collisions.