Interference-resistant palm electrochemical nickel-doped-enhanced cell-free biosensor for rapid multi-scenario progesterone detection.

Composite nanomaterials-enabled USB electrochemical sensors hold great potential for on-site detection, yet achieving rapid, sensitive, and interference-free quantitative analysis across multiple scenarios through simple bioregistration modification remains to be explored. We developed an allosteric transcription factor-based nickel-doped anti-interference cell-free progesterone (ATF-Ni/AC-P4) sensor based on the structural transcription factor (SRTF), which enables efficient and simple modification of SRTF. The high affinity between SRTF and Ni@GO-MXene/SPEC provides exceptional sensitivity (0.0002 μmol L-1) and a wide detection range (0.001 μmol L-1 - 50 μmol L-1). ATF-Ni/AC-P4 sensor achieves one-step target recognition and ultra-fast signal output within 5 min across various sample matrices. Validated in matrices such as water, milk, urine, and blood, the system demonstrates excellent stability. The concurrently developed 3D-printed integrated membrane electrochemical device enables "sample-in, result-out" operation, requiring only simple pre-treatment of the sample. Compact, portable, and interference-resistant, the ATF-Ni/AC-P4 offers an innovative solution for food safety and on-site rapid detection.