Standardized Quantification of Salmonella Biofilms and Evaluation of Antibiotic Antibiofilm Activity.

Biofilm formation in Salmonella is a major factor contributing to its persistence and antimicrobial resistance. It contributes to both clinical and contamination in food-related environments, including food processing equipment, surfaces, and packaging materials. This chapter describes a standardized crystal violet (CV) microtiter plate assay for quantifying Salmonella biofilm formation and evaluating the potential antibiofilm effect of antibiotics (chloramphenicol) in inhibiting Salmonella biofilms, with detailed procedures and critical notes to help minimize common errors like over-washing or overstaining. Given the simplicity, reproducibility, and adaptability, this assay is a valuable tool for studying biofilm biology and evaluating antibiofilm strategies against Salmonella.