US-based Delphi Consensus Study on Adjuvant Radiation Therapy (ART) in Node-Negative Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CSCC).
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Stevens Jacqueline S, Barker Christopher A, Bakst Richard L, Bradford Carol, Carr David R, Chera Bhisham, Chen Michelle, Chandra Sunandana, Demer Addison, Donnelly Heidi, Doonan Bently, Galloway Thomas J, Geiger Jessica, Jambusaria Anokhi, Khushalani Nikhil I, Koyfman Shlomo, Leitenberger Justin J, Lilley Elizabeth, Lukens John Nicholas, Margalit Danielle, Medina Theresa, Mitra Devarati, Muralidhar Vinayak, Paly Jonathan, Pashtan Itai, Patel Vishal, Sethi Rosh, Shukla Monica, Silk Ann W, Srivastava Divya, Swiecicki Paul, Witek Matthew, Wysong Ashley, Yom Sue, Schoenfeld Jonathan D, Ruiz Emily S
Аннотация
METHODS: The Delphi panel included 35 experts in radiation oncology (15), dermatology/Mohs micrographic surgery (9), medical oncology (7), head and neck surgery (3), and surgical oncology (1). Consensus was defined as ≥80% concordance; near-consensus 70-79% concordance.
RESULTS: Consensus was reached to recommend ART when further surgery is not possible, but the tumor has positive gross or histologic/microscopic margins (35/35, 100%). Key consensus or near-consensus recommendations for recommending ART to the tumor bed following negative-margin surgery include: 5-year cumulative incidence of local recurrence (29/35, 83%) or nodal metastasis (27/35, 77%) ≥ 20%; gross cortical bone/marrow invasion (32/35, 91%); skull base invasion (32/35, 91%); 4 risk factors (RF) (35/35, 100%); 3 RF (30-33/35, 86-94%); PNI ≥ 0.1 mm and one other RF (30/35, 86%); and clinical nerve invasion (31/35, 89%). Immune status influenced ART decision-making (30/35, 86%) with 77% (27/35) more likely to recommend ART for immunosuppressed patients. Consensus was reached to omit ART for pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant immunotherapy (34/35, 97%). Among radiation oncologists, 100% (15/15) agreed the optimal window for ART to the tumor bed is 4-8 weeks and that hypofractionated regimens can be appropriate (12/15, 80%). Consensus was reached for prescription doses of 60-66 Gy in 2 Gy/fx (15/15, 100%) or 50-55 Gy in 2.5 Gy/fx (13/15, 87%), and that superficial radiation and brachytherapy are inappropriate ART modalities for node-negative high-stage CSCC (14/15, 93%). There was no consensus on elective nodal basin irradiation.
CONCLUSIONS: This Delphi study provides an expert consensus-based framework to standardize ART for node-negative high-stage CSCC following surgery, informing future guidelines and utilization.