Molecular Biomarkers Linking Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Evidence and Clinical Perspectives.

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the skin, nails, and joints. Its complex pathogenesis results from interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors and is accompanied by an increased risk of multiple systemic comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. Growing evidence indicates that both conditions share common molecular pathways driven by chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, and immune dysregulation. Among the emerging molecular biomarkers, chemerin, endocan, and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) have attracted considerable attention due to their role in vascular homeostasis, adipose tissue biology, glucose metabolism, and inflammatory signaling. This review summarizes current evidence on the involvement of these biomarkers in psoriasis and cardiovascular disease, highlighting their contribution to the molecular mechanisms underlying the psoriasis-cardiovascular disease axis. Furthermore, we discussed their potential usefulness as candidate biomarkers for cardiovascular risk. However, prospective validation is strictly required to confirm their clinical utility and establish their incremental predictive value beyond conventional risk factors.