IL-37a facilitates allergen immunotherapy in a house dust mite-induced mouse model of allergic asthma.

In recent years, the incidence of allergic asthma has increased dramatically. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective approach to achieve long-term remission of allergic asthma and has gained widespread attention. However, current AIT suffers from low efficacy and long treatment duration. In this study, we found that IL-37a transgenic mice with allergic asthma exhibited reduced pulmonary inflammation, decreased Th2 cytokines, and lower allergen-specific IgE following AIT. Mechanistic studies revealed increased IL-37+ Bregs, suggesting that IL-37a may promote AIT through Bregs. Our study demonstrates the promoting effect of IL-37 in allergen immunotherapy and suggests that Bregs may underlie this mechanism, providing insights for overcoming the limitations of AIT in the future.