International journal of dentistry · 2026
Knowledge and Prevalence of Bruxism and Its Association With Stress Among Clinical-Year Dental and Medical Students at the University of Ghana.
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Daabaar Shadrach Terifu-Nenom, Nimako-Boateng Joseph Kwasi, Tormeti Daniel, Dai-Kosi Alfred, Sackeyfio Josephine, Appiah Edmond Kubi, Ohene-Marfo Edward
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Bruxism is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Current international consensus regards it as a motor behaviour rather than a disorder, and one that may act as a risk factor for tooth wear and temporomandibular disorders; psychosocial stress is among its most consistently reported associated factors. Clinical-year dental and medical students face intense academic and clinical pressure that may predispose them to both stress and bruxism, yet no published Ghanaian data on this relationship previously existed.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical-year (4th-6th year) dental and medical students at the University of Ghana, Korle Bu campus. A stratified sample of 291 students, proportionally allocated by course and clinical year, completed a self-administered online questionnaire comprising a 12-point bruxism knowledge module, a 10-item bruxism symptom screening module and the 30-item Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). Prevalence estimates are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Associations were examined using chi-square tests, multivariable linear regression, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, at α = 0.05.
RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 23.6 ± 2.3 years; 55.0% were male, and 85.2% were medical students. Only 19.6% (95% CI: 15.4%-24.5%) demonstrated good knowledge of bruxism, with dental students (48.8% vs. 14.5%, p < 0.001) and final-year students (p = 0.04) significantly more knowledgeable. Self-reported awareness of awake bruxism was 36.1% (95% CI: 30.8%-41.7%) and of sleep bruxism 14.4% (95% CI: 10.9%-18.9%); on the composite 10-item screening score, 9.3% (95% CI: 6.5%-13.2%) of students met the threshold for subject-based (self-reported) bruxism, with no significant socio-demographic differences. High perceived stress was recorded in 8.9% (95% CI: 6.2%-12.8%) of students. Stress correlated significantly, though weakly, with bruxism symptom scores (Pearson's r = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14-0.35, p < 0.001; Spearman's ρ = 0.212, p = 0.0003 (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Knowledge of bruxism is markedly poorer among medical than dental students, and among junior compared with final-year trainees. Self-reported bruxism symptoms are common despite a low rate of high perceived stress, and stress shows a modest but significant positive association with bruxism. Curricular bruxism education for medical students and proactive stress-reduction initiatives are warranted.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among clinical-year (4th-6th year) dental and medical students at the University of Ghana, Korle Bu campus. A stratified sample of 291 students, proportionally allocated by course and clinical year, completed a self-administered online questionnaire comprising a 12-point bruxism knowledge module, a 10-item bruxism symptom screening module and the 30-item Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). Prevalence estimates are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Associations were examined using chi-square tests, multivariable linear regression, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, at α = 0.05.
RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 23.6 ± 2.3 years; 55.0% were male, and 85.2% were medical students. Only 19.6% (95% CI: 15.4%-24.5%) demonstrated good knowledge of bruxism, with dental students (48.8% vs. 14.5%, p < 0.001) and final-year students (p = 0.04) significantly more knowledgeable. Self-reported awareness of awake bruxism was 36.1% (95% CI: 30.8%-41.7%) and of sleep bruxism 14.4% (95% CI: 10.9%-18.9%); on the composite 10-item screening score, 9.3% (95% CI: 6.5%-13.2%) of students met the threshold for subject-based (self-reported) bruxism, with no significant socio-demographic differences. High perceived stress was recorded in 8.9% (95% CI: 6.2%-12.8%) of students. Stress correlated significantly, though weakly, with bruxism symptom scores (Pearson's r = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14-0.35, p < 0.001; Spearman's ρ = 0.212, p = 0.0003 (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Knowledge of bruxism is markedly poorer among medical than dental students, and among junior compared with final-year trainees. Self-reported bruxism symptoms are common despite a low rate of high perceived stress, and stress shows a modest but significant positive association with bruxism. Curricular bruxism education for medical students and proactive stress-reduction initiatives are warranted.