Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence, Mechanisms, and Adverse Effects.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were initially developed as oral hypoglycemic agents for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but mounting evidence has solidified their role as practice-changing therapies for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, which includes congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review summarizes the pivotal randomized controlled trials evaluating SGLT2 inhibitors, highlighting their clinical efficacy, key mechanisms of action, and adverse effects. As indications continue to expand and more patients are prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors, hospitalists must have a thorough understanding of this important medication class.