The Journal of prosthetic dentistry · 2026
Fatigue reliability and failure modes of metal-ceramic, monolithic zirconia, and lithium disilicate implant-supported crowns cemented to titanium bases: A step-stress accelerated life testing study.
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Zampara Eirini, Kontonasaki Eleana, Bergamo Edmara T P, Hirata Ronaldo, Maluf Caroline Vieira, Koltsakidis Savvas, Tzetzis Dimitrios, Vale Marly, Bonfante Estevam A, Jahangiri Leila, Witek Lukasz
Аннотация
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The fatigue behavior under clinically relevant loading conditions of implant-supported screw-retained crowns cemented to titanium bases fabricated from different restorative materials remains insufficiently understood.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the failure modes, fatigue reliability, and survival probabilities of metal-ceramic (MC), monolithic zirconia (3Y-TZP), and lithium disilicate (LD) single premolar implant-supported screw-retained crowns cemented to titanium bases using step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty crowns were bonded to titanium bases (UNP RH 4 mm, GH 2 mm; Adin Dental Implant Systems Ltd), connected to internal hexagon implants (4.2-mm platform diameter, 10-mm length; Touareg S, Adin Dental Implant Systems Ltd), embedded in acrylic resin blocks, and subjected to single-load-to-failure testing (n=6) to determine stress profiles for SSALT (n=54). Use-level probability Weibull curves were calculated to estimate reliability for a mission of 100 000 cycles at 200 and 300 N. Failed specimens underwent polarized light stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for fractographic analysis.
RESULTS: All specimens failed during SSALT loading profiles. Beta (β) values derived from use-level probability Weibull curves were greater than 1 for all groups, indicating fatigue-driven failure behavior. 3Y-TZP crowns demonstrated the highest fatigue reliability, with survival probabilities up to 98% at tested load levels (200 and 300 N). LD showed intermediate performance (93% at 200 N and 88% at 300 N), whereas MC crowns showed the lowest survival probabilities (86% at 200 N and 82% at 300 N). At 200 N, no statistically significant differences were observed among groups. At 300 N, 3Y-TZP crowns showed significantly higher survival probability than MC crowns (P=.038), while LD showed intermediate values and was not significantly different from either group. Fractographic analysis revealed material-specific fracture origins and crack propagation patterns.
CONCLUSIONS: All crown types demonstrated high survival probabilities. 3Y-TZP crowns showed higher fatigue reliability than MC crowns, while LD crowns demonstrated intermediate performance.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the failure modes, fatigue reliability, and survival probabilities of metal-ceramic (MC), monolithic zirconia (3Y-TZP), and lithium disilicate (LD) single premolar implant-supported screw-retained crowns cemented to titanium bases using step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty crowns were bonded to titanium bases (UNP RH 4 mm, GH 2 mm; Adin Dental Implant Systems Ltd), connected to internal hexagon implants (4.2-mm platform diameter, 10-mm length; Touareg S, Adin Dental Implant Systems Ltd), embedded in acrylic resin blocks, and subjected to single-load-to-failure testing (n=6) to determine stress profiles for SSALT (n=54). Use-level probability Weibull curves were calculated to estimate reliability for a mission of 100 000 cycles at 200 and 300 N. Failed specimens underwent polarized light stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for fractographic analysis.
RESULTS: All specimens failed during SSALT loading profiles. Beta (β) values derived from use-level probability Weibull curves were greater than 1 for all groups, indicating fatigue-driven failure behavior. 3Y-TZP crowns demonstrated the highest fatigue reliability, with survival probabilities up to 98% at tested load levels (200 and 300 N). LD showed intermediate performance (93% at 200 N and 88% at 300 N), whereas MC crowns showed the lowest survival probabilities (86% at 200 N and 82% at 300 N). At 200 N, no statistically significant differences were observed among groups. At 300 N, 3Y-TZP crowns showed significantly higher survival probability than MC crowns (P=.038), while LD showed intermediate values and was not significantly different from either group. Fractographic analysis revealed material-specific fracture origins and crack propagation patterns.
CONCLUSIONS: All crown types demonstrated high survival probabilities. 3Y-TZP crowns showed higher fatigue reliability than MC crowns, while LD crowns demonstrated intermediate performance.