[Research progress and vaccination strategies of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines for pregnant women].

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a predominant global pathogen responsible for severe lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in infants, especially those aged under six months. To date, no vaccines have been approved for active immunization against RSV in infant populations, leaving monoclonal antibodies as the primary modality for immediate, direct RSV protection. Maternal vaccination during pregnancy has evolved as a critical passive immunization approach, wherein vaccine-elicited maternal antibodies cross the placenta to confer early-life protection on neonates and young infants. This review elaborates on the pathogenesis of RSV infection and the features of host immune responses to RSV, summarizes key advances and remaining bottlenecks in RSV vaccine development, and focuses on evaluating the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the prefusion F protein-based RSV vaccine (RSVpreF) based on latest clinical trial findings and post-marketing surveillance data. Additionally, it compares RSV vaccination guidelines and strategic recommendations issued by major global health authorities, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This article further discusses persistent challenges and prospective research priorities in this field, covering public awareness of RSV vaccination, global vaccine accessibility, long-term safety profile monitoring, and vaccine applicability in special populations. Collectively, this review aims to provide evidence-based references to guide clinical practice and optimize public health decision-making regarding RSV prevention.