The metabolic debt model: cumulative bioenergetic burden and network vulnerability in brain disorders-a hypothesis article.

Effiong et al. propose the Metabolic Debt Model, a hypothesis-generating framework that links four metabolic constraints, phosphocreatine buffering, astrocyte-neuron coupling, mitochondrial flexibility and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent recovery to network-level dysfunction and clinical symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis and long coronavirus diseases.