Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
Exploration of the mechanisms and active compounds of Scutellaria barbata D. Don against influenza A (H1N1) virus.
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Yang Ying, Shao Junjing, Hou Lin, Sun Shihao, Qi Guihong
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Scutellaria barbata D. Don (S. barbata), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely used for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties, has shown broad-spectrum antiviral potential. However, its anti-H1N1 activity and underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.
METHODS: In this study, the anti-H1N1 activity and underlying mechanisms of S. barbata extract were investigated using H1N1-infected MDCK cells and BALB/c mice. Transcriptomic analysis followed by mRNA and protein-level validation was performed to characterize its molecular effects, while UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to identify blood-absorbed constituents. Potential active compounds were subsequently screened by integrating the absorbed constituents with network pharmacology and further validated in vitro and in vivo.
RESULTS: S. barbata extract markedly inhibited H1N1 replication in MDCK cells (IC50 = 42.87 μg/mL; CC50 > 500 μg/mL) and reduced viral burden and pulmonary inflammation in infected mice. Mechanistically, S. barbata treatment suppressed the Toll-like receptor, NF-κB, and chemokine signaling pathways, suggesting coordinated regulation of antiviral and inflammatory responses. Among the blood-absorbed constituents, baicalein and chrysoeriol were identified as key candidate active compounds and exhibited potent anti-H1N1 activity in vitro and in vivo (IC50 = 13.80 and 11.10 μM, respectively).
DISCUSSION: Collectively, these findings demonstrate that S. barbata exerts anti-H1N1 effects through a combination of direct inhibition of viral replication and modulation of excessive inflammatory responses, with baicalein and chrysoeriol representing important contributors to its antiviral activity.
METHODS: In this study, the anti-H1N1 activity and underlying mechanisms of S. barbata extract were investigated using H1N1-infected MDCK cells and BALB/c mice. Transcriptomic analysis followed by mRNA and protein-level validation was performed to characterize its molecular effects, while UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to identify blood-absorbed constituents. Potential active compounds were subsequently screened by integrating the absorbed constituents with network pharmacology and further validated in vitro and in vivo.
RESULTS: S. barbata extract markedly inhibited H1N1 replication in MDCK cells (IC50 = 42.87 μg/mL; CC50 > 500 μg/mL) and reduced viral burden and pulmonary inflammation in infected mice. Mechanistically, S. barbata treatment suppressed the Toll-like receptor, NF-κB, and chemokine signaling pathways, suggesting coordinated regulation of antiviral and inflammatory responses. Among the blood-absorbed constituents, baicalein and chrysoeriol were identified as key candidate active compounds and exhibited potent anti-H1N1 activity in vitro and in vivo (IC50 = 13.80 and 11.10 μM, respectively).
DISCUSSION: Collectively, these findings demonstrate that S. barbata exerts anti-H1N1 effects through a combination of direct inhibition of viral replication and modulation of excessive inflammatory responses, with baicalein and chrysoeriol representing important contributors to its antiviral activity.