Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026
[Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability validation of a Chinese version of the Clinician-reported Submental Fat Rating Scale].
СтатьяВалидационное исследованиеНаблюдательное исследованиеАннотация на английскомНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Wang Xiangxi, Li Yexian, Zhou Changqing, Li Qianxi, Xia Jinyu, Zhao Qi, Feng Yu, Wu Yunying, Yang Li, Zhu Hanjie, Li Na, Wu Yan
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the original English version of the Clinician-Reported Submental Fat Rating Scale (CR-SMFRS) into a Chinese version and to systematically evaluate its reliability for assessing submental fat severity in a Chinese population.
METHODS: In this single-center, prospective, observational study, a total of 123 Chinese participants were enrolled. Standardized head and neck photographs, including frontal, left 45° oblique, and left 90° lateral views, were obtained to establish an image library. The original English version of the CR-SMFRS was translated to create a preliminary Chinese description. A panel comprising one plastic surgeon and two dermatologists then selected a set of representative photographs from the image library to serve as an atlas corresponding to the Chinese description, thereby finalizing the Chinese version of the scale. The inter-rater reliability among the three experts was assessed during this scale development phase. In the validation phase, after excluding 23 photographs with confounding factors such as post-acne erythema, submental skin laxity, skin scars, or hyperpigmentation, 100 standardized photographs were retained in the library. These images were processed to blind subject identity and were randomly ordered. Six dermatologists (one associate chief physician, one attending physician, and four resident physicians), who were not involved in the scale formation, then indepen dently rated the photographs. This rating procedure was conducted in two separate sessions held 14 days apart. Before the second session, all photographs were re-blinded and their order was re-randomized. Test-retest reliability, representing intra-rater agreement, was evaluated using Cohen's kappa coefficient for each rater. Inter-rater reliability was assessed to calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) using a two-way random-effects model.
RESULTS: The mean age of participants was (30.70±8.62) years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was (24.30±4.74) kg/m2. Correlation analysis between the Chinese CR-SMFRS grades and demographic data showed that submental fat grade was correlated with age, BMI, and gender, with BMI showing a positive correlation as submental fat grade increased. Inter-rater reliability among the three experts during scale development was excellent, with an ICC value of 0.900 (95%CI: 0.864-0.927).The test-retest reliability was good, as demonstrated by Cohen's kappa values ranging from 0.667 to 0.796 across all the six raters. Inter-rater reliability was excellent. The ICC value was 0.890 (95%CI: 0.854-0.919) for the first assessment round and 0.919 (95%CI: 0.893-0.941) for the second assessment round.
CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the CR-SMFRS demonstrates good test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability. These results indicate that it is a reliable instrument for the objective evaluation of submental fat severity in Chinese populations, supporting its use in both clinical practice and future research.
METHODS: In this single-center, prospective, observational study, a total of 123 Chinese participants were enrolled. Standardized head and neck photographs, including frontal, left 45° oblique, and left 90° lateral views, were obtained to establish an image library. The original English version of the CR-SMFRS was translated to create a preliminary Chinese description. A panel comprising one plastic surgeon and two dermatologists then selected a set of representative photographs from the image library to serve as an atlas corresponding to the Chinese description, thereby finalizing the Chinese version of the scale. The inter-rater reliability among the three experts was assessed during this scale development phase. In the validation phase, after excluding 23 photographs with confounding factors such as post-acne erythema, submental skin laxity, skin scars, or hyperpigmentation, 100 standardized photographs were retained in the library. These images were processed to blind subject identity and were randomly ordered. Six dermatologists (one associate chief physician, one attending physician, and four resident physicians), who were not involved in the scale formation, then indepen dently rated the photographs. This rating procedure was conducted in two separate sessions held 14 days apart. Before the second session, all photographs were re-blinded and their order was re-randomized. Test-retest reliability, representing intra-rater agreement, was evaluated using Cohen's kappa coefficient for each rater. Inter-rater reliability was assessed to calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) using a two-way random-effects model.
RESULTS: The mean age of participants was (30.70±8.62) years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was (24.30±4.74) kg/m2. Correlation analysis between the Chinese CR-SMFRS grades and demographic data showed that submental fat grade was correlated with age, BMI, and gender, with BMI showing a positive correlation as submental fat grade increased. Inter-rater reliability among the three experts during scale development was excellent, with an ICC value of 0.900 (95%CI: 0.864-0.927).The test-retest reliability was good, as demonstrated by Cohen's kappa values ranging from 0.667 to 0.796 across all the six raters. Inter-rater reliability was excellent. The ICC value was 0.890 (95%CI: 0.854-0.919) for the first assessment round and 0.919 (95%CI: 0.893-0.941) for the second assessment round.
CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the CR-SMFRS demonstrates good test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability. These results indicate that it is a reliable instrument for the objective evaluation of submental fat severity in Chinese populations, supporting its use in both clinical practice and future research.