From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome to Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: A Practical Clinical Review.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), recently renamed Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS), is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. The new nomenclature reflects growing recognition that this condition extends far beyond ovarian dysfunction, encompassing complex endocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological abnormalities. Although the diagnostic criteria remain unchanged, the name change emphasizes the multisystem nature of the disorder and may improve disease recognition and patient care. This review provides a practical, evidence-based overview of the diagnosis and management of PMOS/PCOS, highlighting recent updates from the 2023 International Evidence-Based Guideline. We discuss the evaluation of hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction in reproductive-aged women, as well as the assessment and treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and mental health disorders. Finally, we summarize current pharmacological therapies and emerging treatment strategies, highlighting key knowledge gaps that must be bridged to optimize long-term cardiometabolic and reproductive outcomes.