Association of serum element levels with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in a Kurdish population of western Iran.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a significant public health concern globally. Among the most prevalent NCDs the study aims to explore the association of some elements with the the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) development. In this cross-sectional case control study, 300 individuals with CVDs (n = 110), T2D (n = 70), and a control group (n = 120) from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort in western Iran were examined. The RaNCD cohort is part of the PERSIAN cohort study, consisting of 10,000 adults. Participants aged 35-65 were stratified into three clusters based on their health status. Various elements, including aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), potassium (K), cobalt (Co), lithium (Li), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V) in the blood serum was performed using the ICP-MS method, and data were analyzed using multivariable techniques, including logistic regression and clustering analysis. Our analysis revealed a notable association between most elements and the risks of CVD and T2D in the logistic regression model after adjusting for age and gender. Specifically, increased odds ratios of CVD and T2D were identified for higher Ca, Mn, Mg, Li, V, Al, P, and Mo levels. In the T2D group, four clusters were identified: Al-B, Mn-Co-Mo, K-P, and V-Li-Ca-Mg. In the CVD group, five clusters were observed: K, B-Co-Mo, Li-Mg, Ca-P, and Mn-Al-V. The study provides valuable insights into the role of some essential elements in the development of CVDs and T2D. The key elements that are most linked to the elevated risk of CVDs and T2D include calcium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, lithium, aluminum, phosphorus, and magnesium. Further exploration of the intricate relationships between elements and disease risk could enhance our understanding of preventive strategies and personalized interventions for individuals at risk of CVDs and T2D.