[Research progress of tibial plateau fracture associated with proximal fibular fracture].

OBJECTIVE

To review the research progress of tibial plateau fracture associated with proximal fibular fracture in recent years, and to provide references for clinical treatment.

METHODS

The relevant literature on tibial plateau fractures associated with proximal fibular fractures was extensively reviewed both domestically and internationally, and summarized from the following aspects: epidemiological characteristics, biomechanics of the lateral stabilizing structures of the knee, current classification systems, treatment strategies, internal fixation biomechanics, and current treatment status.

RESULTS

About 1/3 of the cases of tibial plateau fractures were combined with proximal fibular fractures. Proximal fibular fractures disrupt the biomechanical balance of the lateral column and posterolateral angle of the lower extremities, which increases the risk of joint instability and traumatic arthritis, and accelerates degenerative changes in the medial compartment. Commonly used fracture classifications in clinical practice include Schatzker classification, new proximal fibula classification, and four-pillar nine-segment classification, which provide an important basis for the formulation of treatment strategies. With the continuous development of internal fixation materials and technologies, various internal fixation devices, such as screws, plates, and intramedullary nails, as well as minimally invasive techniques, arthroscopy, and robot-assisted technologies, have substantially expanded the available surgical options.

CONCLUSION

The proximal fibula plays an important supporting role in tibial plateau fractures. For patients with tibial plateau fractures associated with proximal fibular fractures, priority should be given to fibula fixation, which can effectively rebuild knee stability, reduce the risk of joint instability and traumatic arthritis, and improve the over prognosis. In the future, it is necessary to further optimize the typing criteria and treatment strategies to achieve individualized precision treatment.