[Long-Term Management for Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke].

Secondary prevention after ischemic stroke requires continuous long-term management based on an accurate stroke subtype classification. This review summarizes the current standards of chronic-phase care, including antithrombotic therapy, surgical or endovascular treatment, vascular risk factor control, and lifestyle modifications. Emerging diagnostic strategies, such as long-term monitoring for occult atrial fibrillation and multimodal imaging of unstable plaques, have also been introduced. Finally, the current challenges, including direct oral anticoagulant failure, occult atrial fibrillation, multimorbidity in aging populations, and treatment adherence, have been discussed.