JAMA network open · 2026
Home Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Gamified Cognitive Control Training for Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
СтатьяРандомизированное исследованиеМногоцентровое исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Dechantsreiter Esther, Padberg Frank, Benjamini Yuval, Goerigk Stephan, Rubene-Kesele Linda, Konosonoka Liene, Vogelmann Ulrike, Cohen Tamar, Lerner Naamah, Burkhardt Gerrit, Soldini Aldo, Windel Fabienne, Fanourakis Marios, Menestrina Zeno, Nguyen Arthur, Pasqualotto Angela, Morishita Takuya, Dotan Amir, Ahissar Shira, Morash Alon, Björklund Jonas, Bulubas Lucia, Keeser Daniel, Assa Netta, Gardier Rémy, Viñals Roser, Thiran Jean-Philippe, Segman Ronen, Bonne Omer, Lotan Amit, Hummel Friedhelm C, Rancans Elmars, Bavelier Daphne, Nahum Mor
Аннотация
IMPORTANCE: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a home-based treatment in major depressive disorder (MDD), although its effects are typically small to moderate and inconsistently observed. Because tDCS may act synergistically with behavioral interventions, combining both approaches represents a promising strategy for developing more effective home-based treatments for MDD.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of home-based tDCS and concurrent gamified cognitive control training (CCT) in adults with MDD.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter, double-masked, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial with follow-up at week 10, masking checks at 2 time points, and expectancy assessments was conducted at 3 university hospitals in Latvia, Germany, and Israel between June 22, 2021, and August 8, 2024. Participants included adults aged 18 to 65 years with MDD, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores of at least 13, and no or stable antidepressant medication.
INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to active tDCS (2 mA; anode F3, cathode F4) plus a gamified CCT or sham tDCS plus a sham game. Participants were asked to complete 30 home treatment sessions (30 minutes each) over 6 weeks with software-assisted electrode positioning.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was feasibility, defined as completing at least 20 of 30 sessions with greater than 50% probability. The secondary outcome was efficacy, measured as change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores from baseline to week 6.
RESULTS: Of 111 enrolled participants, 109 were included in the modified intention-to-treat sample (55 in the active group and 54 in the control group; mean [SD] age, 33.1 [10.6] years; 69 female [63.3%]). Feasibility criteria were met, with 86 participants (78.9%) completing at least 20 sessions (lower bound of 1-sided 95% CI, 71.5%). The MADRS scores improved significantly in both groups at week 6, indicating insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no difference in the mean change in MADRS score from baseline to 6 weeks between the 2 treatment groups (difference, 0.89 [95% CI, -1.37 to 3.15]; P = .44; Cohen d, 0.10 [95% CI, -0.15 to 0.34]). Results were similar at follow-up (week 10). Adverse events were balanced between groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This RCT of home-based tDCS combined with CCT in adults with MDD was feasible and safe but did not demonstrate superior efficacy over the control condition. Future studies should refine the mechanistic alignment between stimulation and cognitive interventions to optimize treatment effects.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04953208.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of home-based tDCS and concurrent gamified cognitive control training (CCT) in adults with MDD.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter, double-masked, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial with follow-up at week 10, masking checks at 2 time points, and expectancy assessments was conducted at 3 university hospitals in Latvia, Germany, and Israel between June 22, 2021, and August 8, 2024. Participants included adults aged 18 to 65 years with MDD, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores of at least 13, and no or stable antidepressant medication.
INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to active tDCS (2 mA; anode F3, cathode F4) plus a gamified CCT or sham tDCS plus a sham game. Participants were asked to complete 30 home treatment sessions (30 minutes each) over 6 weeks with software-assisted electrode positioning.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was feasibility, defined as completing at least 20 of 30 sessions with greater than 50% probability. The secondary outcome was efficacy, measured as change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores from baseline to week 6.
RESULTS: Of 111 enrolled participants, 109 were included in the modified intention-to-treat sample (55 in the active group and 54 in the control group; mean [SD] age, 33.1 [10.6] years; 69 female [63.3%]). Feasibility criteria were met, with 86 participants (78.9%) completing at least 20 sessions (lower bound of 1-sided 95% CI, 71.5%). The MADRS scores improved significantly in both groups at week 6, indicating insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no difference in the mean change in MADRS score from baseline to 6 weeks between the 2 treatment groups (difference, 0.89 [95% CI, -1.37 to 3.15]; P = .44; Cohen d, 0.10 [95% CI, -0.15 to 0.34]). Results were similar at follow-up (week 10). Adverse events were balanced between groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This RCT of home-based tDCS combined with CCT in adults with MDD was feasible and safe but did not demonstrate superior efficacy over the control condition. Future studies should refine the mechanistic alignment between stimulation and cognitive interventions to optimize treatment effects.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04953208.