Integrating ADDIE and Gagne's Nine Event of Instructions Models in the Design of Special Care Dentistry Educational Activity- Perceptions of Undergraduate Students.

INTRODUCTION: Special care dentistry (SCD) education involves acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes in managing patients with special healthcare needs (SHCN). This study reports the development of a 2-h face-to-face workshop, designed based on the ADDIE and Gagne's nine events of instruction (GNEI) models, which were integrated to provide undergraduate-level SCD training.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ADDIE model was applied to plan and create a learning activity fulfilling the learning objectives of this subject. This process involved analysing (A), designing (D), developing (D), and implementing (I) the instruction based on standardised guidelines and approved curriculum content. The GNEI model was incorporated at the design (D) stage to enhance students' learning experiences via various stimuli and exercises. The learning activity was evaluated (E) through students' written reflections on their learning experiences. Qualitative data on students' reflections was analysed via thematic analysis.

RESULTS: A workshop comprising case-based discussion, demonstration, simulation exercises, and practical training involving six scenarios relating to patients with SHCN was developed. Students found that the session was beneficial in improving their understanding of SCD as it supplemented what was taught in the lectures. The cases discussed were relevant to their daily practice, and the resources developed were useful and reliable. The demonstration, practical, and simulation exercises provided hands-on learning experiences and helped instil disability awareness. Students felt prepared for examinations and clinical practice following this activity.

CONCLUSION: Applying the integrated model ensures effective and structured teaching of SCD for undergraduate students.