Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2026
Two decades of metaphorical use of schizophrenia in Brazilian newspapers: a machine learning approach.
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Rabitzsch Daniel, da Silva Rogerio Otávio Mainardes, Gadelha Ary, Pedroso Lucas Garcia, Massuda Raffael
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Media representation of mental illness has the potential to reinforce stigma through perpetuating stereotypes, associating mental disorders with violent conduct, or using a disorder as a metaphor, often as an adjective. This study examined how Brazilian newspapers have used schizophrenia (and derivatives involving the root schiz*) over time, whether metaphorically or not.
METHODS: A database of news articles was compiled from 2001 to 2022. A multilayer neural network model was trained to categorize the use of schizophrenia and its derivatives as either metaphorical or non-metaphorical with 95% accuracy. The analysis was based on three nationally distributed newspapers.
RESULTS: A total of 7,272 texts published between January 2001 and August 2022 were extracted. Of these, 30.8% (2,243) were identified as using schizophrenia or derivative terms in metaphorical language.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of a significant increase or decrease in metaphorical use over the years, indicating that schizophrenia has persistently been represented in media discourse over time.
METHODS: A database of news articles was compiled from 2001 to 2022. A multilayer neural network model was trained to categorize the use of schizophrenia and its derivatives as either metaphorical or non-metaphorical with 95% accuracy. The analysis was based on three nationally distributed newspapers.
RESULTS: A total of 7,272 texts published between January 2001 and August 2022 were extracted. Of these, 30.8% (2,243) were identified as using schizophrenia or derivative terms in metaphorical language.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of a significant increase or decrease in metaphorical use over the years, indicating that schizophrenia has persistently been represented in media discourse over time.