European journal of pharmacology · 2026
Effects of Metformin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Neurobehavioural Outcomes in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mice.
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Yadav Archana, Mishra Anand, Sharma Akansha, Singh Ajit
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with reproductive, metabolic, and neurobehavioural abnormalities, including anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties that may ameliorate these complications.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of metformin, fish oil, and flaxseed oil on anxiety-like behaviour, depressive-like behaviour, locomotor activity, and cognitive function in a letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model.
METHODS: Thirty female Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups: Control, PCOS, PCOS + Metformin, PCOS + Flaxseed Oil, and PCOS + Fish Oil. PCOS was induced with letrozole (2 mg/kg, orally). These neurobehavioral tests were conducted: Open Field Test, Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze, Forced Swim Test, and Actophotometer Test. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test.
RESULTS: The PCOS Group exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behaviours and impaired spatial learning and memory compared with controls. Treatment effects varied across behavioural domains. Fish oil improved selected behavioural outcomes, particularly immobility and locomotor activity, whereas effects on spatial memory and other measures were less consistent. Flaxseed oil and metformin showed moderate beneficial effects on the behaviour of PCOS mice.
CONCLUSION: In letrozole-induced PCOS mice, metformin, flaxseed oil, and fish oil showed distinct impacts on neurobehavioral outcomes. The results indicate that several behavioural changes linked to experimental PCOS may be modulated by omega-3-rich oils; nevertheless, additional mechanistic and clinical research is required to determine their therapeutic significance.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of metformin, fish oil, and flaxseed oil on anxiety-like behaviour, depressive-like behaviour, locomotor activity, and cognitive function in a letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model.
METHODS: Thirty female Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups: Control, PCOS, PCOS + Metformin, PCOS + Flaxseed Oil, and PCOS + Fish Oil. PCOS was induced with letrozole (2 mg/kg, orally). These neurobehavioral tests were conducted: Open Field Test, Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze, Forced Swim Test, and Actophotometer Test. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test.
RESULTS: The PCOS Group exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behaviours and impaired spatial learning and memory compared with controls. Treatment effects varied across behavioural domains. Fish oil improved selected behavioural outcomes, particularly immobility and locomotor activity, whereas effects on spatial memory and other measures were less consistent. Flaxseed oil and metformin showed moderate beneficial effects on the behaviour of PCOS mice.
CONCLUSION: In letrozole-induced PCOS mice, metformin, flaxseed oil, and fish oil showed distinct impacts on neurobehavioral outcomes. The results indicate that several behavioural changes linked to experimental PCOS may be modulated by omega-3-rich oils; nevertheless, additional mechanistic and clinical research is required to determine their therapeutic significance.