Journal of psychiatric research · 2026
The role of distress tolerance and adverse childhood experiences in depression and suicidal ideation among Latinos: A moderation analysis.
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Watkins Lawrence G, Cobb Cory L, Chung Sunghyun, Montemayor Benjamin N
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Rates of mental health challenges are rising among Hispanic communities in the United States, yet research examining factors that shape the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation relationship in this population remains limited. The present study investigated whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and distress tolerance, both well-documented factors in mental health risk, moderate the association between depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts.
METHODS: Data were collected from 800 Latino adults in Texas who completed validated assessments of depression, suicidal ideation, ACEs, and distress tolerance. Using a dual-moderation analysis, we examined interaction effects of ACEs and distress tolerance on the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation, while accounting for age, sex, and acculturative stress.
RESULTS: Depression, ACEs, and distress tolerance each demonstrated significant direct associations with suicidal ideation, with distress tolerance negatively associated. Only distress tolerance significantly moderated the depression-suicidal ideation relationship, and this association was most pronounced among participants with lower distress tolerance relative to those with higher levels. Additionally, acculturative stress was positively associated with suicidal ideation, whereas age was negatively associated, and males reported higher levels of suicidal ideation relative to females.
DISCUSSION: Findings highlight a complex interplay between depression, distress tolerance, and suicidal ideation among Latino adults. The interesting result that lower distress tolerance amplified the depression-suicide association, indicates distress tolerance may function as a protective mechanism. These results emphasize the importance of continued investigation of these dynamics within a population experiencing significant mental health challenges.
METHODS: Data were collected from 800 Latino adults in Texas who completed validated assessments of depression, suicidal ideation, ACEs, and distress tolerance. Using a dual-moderation analysis, we examined interaction effects of ACEs and distress tolerance on the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation, while accounting for age, sex, and acculturative stress.
RESULTS: Depression, ACEs, and distress tolerance each demonstrated significant direct associations with suicidal ideation, with distress tolerance negatively associated. Only distress tolerance significantly moderated the depression-suicidal ideation relationship, and this association was most pronounced among participants with lower distress tolerance relative to those with higher levels. Additionally, acculturative stress was positively associated with suicidal ideation, whereas age was negatively associated, and males reported higher levels of suicidal ideation relative to females.
DISCUSSION: Findings highlight a complex interplay between depression, distress tolerance, and suicidal ideation among Latino adults. The interesting result that lower distress tolerance amplified the depression-suicide association, indicates distress tolerance may function as a protective mechanism. These results emphasize the importance of continued investigation of these dynamics within a population experiencing significant mental health challenges.