Frontiers in public health · 2026
Subjective well-being and its influencing factors of clinical nurses: a cross-sectional study based on latent profiles analysis.
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Zhao Yanjun, Yan Fangyan, Ma Ping, Sui Haiying, Lin Yunying
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the latent class characteristics of subjective well-being among clinical nurses, analyze the influencing factors of different classes, and provide a reference for developing targeted intervention measures.
METHODS: Using a convenience sampling method, 358 clinical nurses were recruited from five tertiary general hospitals in Weifang, Shandong Province, between September and December 2025. A general information questionnaire, the General Well-Being Schedule, and the Psychological Reward Satisfaction Scale were used for the survey. Latent profile analysis was employed to establish the latent class model of clinical nurses' subjective well-being, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of different subjective well-being classes.
RESULTS: Clinical nurses' subjective well-being could be classified into three latent classes: the Low Well-being-Emotional Control Group (11.9%), the Moderate Well-being-Overall Fluctuation Group (61.0%), and the High Well-being-Health Concern Group (27.2%). Work intensity, family economy, department, whether to engage in nursing again, and psychological reward satisfaction were influencing factors of different latent profiles of clinical nurses' subjective well-being (p < 0.05). A 1-point increase in psychological reward satisfaction was associated with a 14.0% decrease in the odds of being classified into the Low Well-being-Emotional Control Group (OR = 0.860, 95% CI: 0.798-0.927), indicating that psychological reward satisfaction served as an independent protective factor.
CONCLUSION: There is significant heterogeneity in clinical nurses' subjective well-being. Nursing managers should pay special attention to clinical nurses in the "Low Well-being-Emotional Control Group" and implement interventions based on the influencing factors of different latent profiles to improve their subjective well-being.
METHODS: Using a convenience sampling method, 358 clinical nurses were recruited from five tertiary general hospitals in Weifang, Shandong Province, between September and December 2025. A general information questionnaire, the General Well-Being Schedule, and the Psychological Reward Satisfaction Scale were used for the survey. Latent profile analysis was employed to establish the latent class model of clinical nurses' subjective well-being, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of different subjective well-being classes.
RESULTS: Clinical nurses' subjective well-being could be classified into three latent classes: the Low Well-being-Emotional Control Group (11.9%), the Moderate Well-being-Overall Fluctuation Group (61.0%), and the High Well-being-Health Concern Group (27.2%). Work intensity, family economy, department, whether to engage in nursing again, and psychological reward satisfaction were influencing factors of different latent profiles of clinical nurses' subjective well-being (p < 0.05). A 1-point increase in psychological reward satisfaction was associated with a 14.0% decrease in the odds of being classified into the Low Well-being-Emotional Control Group (OR = 0.860, 95% CI: 0.798-0.927), indicating that psychological reward satisfaction served as an independent protective factor.
CONCLUSION: There is significant heterogeneity in clinical nurses' subjective well-being. Nursing managers should pay special attention to clinical nurses in the "Low Well-being-Emotional Control Group" and implement interventions based on the influencing factors of different latent profiles to improve their subjective well-being.