[Inconsistent condom use with regular and casual partners among men who have sex with men in Brazil: a respondent-driven sampling study].

We aimed to analyze the factors associated with inconsistent condom use among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was carried out with adult MSM, recruited via respondent-driven sampling in 12 Brazilian capitals in 2016. Inconsistent condom use was measured by insertive and receptive anal intercourse in the previous six months and in the last sexual intercourse. The association between the independent variables and inconsistent condom use was measured using Poisson regression with robust variance and the estimation of adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Almost 75% of participants showed inconsistent condom use (46.2% with regular and casual partners, 23.1% only with regular partners, and 8.8% only with casual partners). In all analyses, inconsistent condom use prevalence was higher in younger MSM (< 25 years), in those who accept to have sex without condoms and who trusted their partners, and in those that used no condoms in their first sexual relation. Health actions to promote condom use in MSM should consider generational and behavioral aspects. Condom use should be encouraged in younger MSM and in relationships with trusting partners as these relationships also carry infection risk. The use of condoms must be fostered with other strategies, promoting combined HIV prevention.