Safety of tuberculosis-preventive treatment in children aged under 5 years: A rapid review.

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to synthesize evidence on the safety of tuberculosis-preventive treatment (TPT) in children aged <5 years, including those with immunocompromising conditions.

METHODS

A rapid review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Virtual Health Library, and the Cochrane Library, including systematic reviews and primary studies.

RESULTS

Five studies were included, assessing isoniazid-based regimens. Adverse events were mild and reversible, such as transient liver enzyme elevations and peripheral neuropathy. Severe hepatotoxicity was rare and primarily reported in children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

CONCLUSIONS

TPT appears generally safe in children aged <5 years; however, evidence remains limited for shorter regimens and immunocompromised populations.