Placenta · 2026
Maternal diet and placental outcomes: Evidence of sexual dimorphism among mothers with overweight and obesity.
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Teo Shevaun M, Douglass Alexander, Hébert James R, Murrin Celine M, Segurado Ricardo, O'Brien Eileen, McAuliffe Fionnuala M, Kelleher Cecily C, Phillips Catherine M
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Maternal diet may influence placental development and efficiency, reflected by placental weight (PW) and the birthweight-to-placental weight ratio (BW:PW). Mothers with overweight or obesity (OWOB) are at increased risk of adverse placental outcomes, yet evidence on maternal dietary influences on placental outcomes in OWOB remains limited.
METHODS: We conducted secondary analysis of data on 423 mother-child pairs with maternal BMI ≥25 kg/m2 from two Irish cohorts (Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort (n = 66) and the Pregnancy Exercise and Nutrition Research Study (PEARS) randomized controlled trial (n = 357)). Maternal diet in early pregnancy was assessed using food frequency questionnaires (Lifeways) and 3-day food diaries (PEARS). Dietary scores representing diet quality (HEI-2015, DASH, AHEI-P), inflammatory and antioxidant potential (E-DII, DII, DAQ), and glycemic and insulinemic characteristics (GI, GL, II, IL) were calculated. PW and birthweight were obtained from hospital records and BW:PW ratios were derived. Cohort-specific linear regression assessed dietary score associations with placental outcomes, including sex-stratified analyses.
RESULTS: In Lifeways, higher general and pregnancy-specific DAQ scores were inversely associated with PW in fully adjusted models overall (B = -32.06 g and -29.73 g; p = 0.01) and among male (B = -39.77 g, p = 0.04 (DAQ)), but not female placentas. In sensitivity analyses of uncomplicated pregnancies in PEARS, II was positively associated with BW:PW ratio in females (B = 0.04, p = 0.04), while the DII was positively associated with male PW (B = 29.75 g, p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that maternal dietary patterns may be associated with placental growth in OWOB pregnancies, with potential sex-specific effects.
METHODS: We conducted secondary analysis of data on 423 mother-child pairs with maternal BMI ≥25 kg/m2 from two Irish cohorts (Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort (n = 66) and the Pregnancy Exercise and Nutrition Research Study (PEARS) randomized controlled trial (n = 357)). Maternal diet in early pregnancy was assessed using food frequency questionnaires (Lifeways) and 3-day food diaries (PEARS). Dietary scores representing diet quality (HEI-2015, DASH, AHEI-P), inflammatory and antioxidant potential (E-DII, DII, DAQ), and glycemic and insulinemic characteristics (GI, GL, II, IL) were calculated. PW and birthweight were obtained from hospital records and BW:PW ratios were derived. Cohort-specific linear regression assessed dietary score associations with placental outcomes, including sex-stratified analyses.
RESULTS: In Lifeways, higher general and pregnancy-specific DAQ scores were inversely associated with PW in fully adjusted models overall (B = -32.06 g and -29.73 g; p = 0.01) and among male (B = -39.77 g, p = 0.04 (DAQ)), but not female placentas. In sensitivity analyses of uncomplicated pregnancies in PEARS, II was positively associated with BW:PW ratio in females (B = 0.04, p = 0.04), while the DII was positively associated with male PW (B = 29.75 g, p = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that maternal dietary patterns may be associated with placental growth in OWOB pregnancies, with potential sex-specific effects.