[Research progress on the multi-target modulation of signaling pathways by acupuncture in the treatment of obesity].

Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder induced by multiple factors, including genetics, environment, and lifestyle. The pathogenesis involves dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin and leptin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal fat accumulation. These alterations are closely associated with aberrant regulation of key signaling pathways such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3), Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB (TLR4/NF-κB), and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling network. As a multi-target intervention method, acupuncture therapy has made significant progress in recent years in improving obesity-related pathological conditions and signaling pathway imbalances. This article reviews the regulatory effects of acupuncture on signaling pathways such as AMPK, JAK2/STAT3, TLR4/NF-κB, and SIRT1 signaling network, explores its molecular mechanism of action in improving obesity, and provides a scientific theoretical basis for the clinical application of acupuncture therapy and the optimization of individual weight-loss strategies.