Lipid metabolism and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and progressive narrowing of the pulmonary arteries. Recent studies have shown that changes in lipid metabolism and lipid action play an important role in the pathogenesis of PAH, involving membrane integrity, energy metabolism, inflammatory response, and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Lipoprotein receptor deficiency further exacerbates inflammation, fibrosis, and associated pathological processes in PAH. This review summarizes the role of many lipid-active substances and their signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of PAH, sorting the biomarkers related to the severity and prognosis of PAH and discussing the potential application of drug therapy targeting lipid metabolism in managing PAH. This review aims to identify clinically relevant lipid molecules and candidate biomarkers, and to provide new insights and potential targets for precision oriented diagnosis and treatment of PAH.