Mimosa pudica L. extract attenuates endometrial hyperplasia and proliferation of its malignant cell lines: transcript-level insights from a dual in vivo-in vitro model.

BACKGROUND

Endometrium is the innermost layer of the uterus that respond to and synthesize estrogens in connection with its synchronized thickening and shedding during menstrual cycle. Since its thickening is essential for implantation of the embryo, its hyperplasia at chronicity could lead to uterus-associated infertility. if untreated.

METHODS

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemical constituents, antioxidant efficacy, and GC-MS analysis of M. pudica leaf extract were done. The antiproliferative efficacy of the extract was assessed by MTT assay, fluorescent staining, and mRNA studies of apoptotic-related genes in endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa and AN3CA). About 25 female rats were assigned to five groups, control (Group 1) and DES-induced endometrial hyperplasia (Groups 2-5). in this, Groups 3-5 were treated with M. pudica leaf extract at increasing doses to assess its restorative efficacy in terms of estrous cycle, structure of ovary, and uterine weight adopting quantification of hormones, ROS, and mRNA expression of genes associated with inflammation (IL-6, NCOR1, and DLK1), angiogenesis (VEGF), and progression of endometrial hyperplasia (ARID1A, SMARCA4, PIK3CA and KRAS).

RESULTS

Administration of M. pudica leaf extract restored the estrous cycle, bringing to normalcy the structure and function of the ovary and uterus, balancing hormones, and reducing inflammation. The expression of ARID1A and SMARCA4, were enhanced while those of genes associated with proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation were mitigated.

CONCLUSION

M. pudica leaf extract is potentially effective as a therapeutic agent against endometrial hyperplasia and its cancer cell proliferation by restoring nearly all the dysregulations up to mRNA expression level.