Comparison of the Effects of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Cell Culture Medium and Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells on Capsule Formation Around Silicone Prosthesis.

BACKGROUND

Peri-implant capsule formation is a physiological response to implanted biomaterials; however, excessive fibrotic reactions may contribute to capsular contracture and implant-related complications. Human amniotic fluid-derived cell culture medium (ACCM) and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties in experimental models. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of ACCM and ADSCs on peri-implant capsule formation in a preclinical rat model.

OBJECTIVES

To determine whether the combined application of ACCM and ADSCs modulates inflammatory, oxidative, and fibrotic responses associated with peri-implant capsule formation more effectively than either treatment alone.

METHODS

Twenty-six female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, ACCM, ADSC, and Combined (ACCM + ADSC). Silicone implants were surgically placed in a dorsal subcutaneous pocket. Histological, biochemical, and gene expression analyses were performed to evaluate inflammatory response, oxidative stress parameters, extracellular matrix remodeling, and myofibroblast density. Cytokines and extracellular matrix-related enzymes were measured in both serum and peri-implant tissue samples.

RESULTS

The combined ACCM + ADSC group demonstrated significantly reduced inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with the control and single-treatment groups. Histological evaluation showed decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunoreactivity, indicating lower myofibroblast density and reduced fibrotic activity in the peri-implant capsule. Biochemical and molecular findings further supported the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of the combined treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Combined treatment with ACCM and ADSCs may modulate early biological processes involved in peri-implant capsule formation by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrotic activity. These findings suggest that this combination therapy may represent a promising experimental strategy for improving implant biocompatibility. Further long-term experimental and clinical studies are required to evaluate its potential role in preventing capsular contracture.

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