Trends and Correlates of Maternal Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States, 2016-2024.

Objectives. To examine trends and correlates of maternal chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis in the United States. Methods. We analyzed US National Vital Statistics System data for women with singleton live births during 2016 to 2024 (n = 32 382 428). We estimated annual age-adjusted prevalence, assessed trends with joinpoint regression, and identified correlates with multivariable logistic regression. Results. Chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence peaked in 2021; syphilis prevalence increased from 0.09% in 2016 to 0.37% in 2024. Chlamydia prevalence was highest among adolescents. Non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, and non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander women had high chlamydia and syphilis prevalence. All 3 infections were more common among women who smoked during pregnancy, initiated prenatal care late, were insured by Medicaid, or received Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children benefits. Conclusions. Enhanced preconception counseling, early prenatal care, testing, treatment, and partner services are needed in populations with a high prevalence of maternal sexually transmitted infections. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 22, 2026:e1-e11. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308774).