International journal of microbiology · 2026
Antimicrobial Usage and Presence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in Healthy Chickens From Farms in Grand-Abidjan and Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire.
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Essoh Christiane You, Pakora Gilles Alex, Toure Daouda, Yebouet Inès Cinthia A, Ako Bérenger Aristide A, Ayebie Jemima Arlette, Dali Naomie, N Guetta Sinon-Pierre Assanvo, Kakou-N Douba Adèle
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The global spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales in livestock poses critical threats to human and animal health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance profiles, and genetic determinants of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in healthy chickens from poultry farms in Grand-Abidjan and Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire, alongside antibiotic use practices in the sector.
METHODS: A semistructured questionnaire assessed veterinary practices across 26 farms, whereas chicken fecal samples from 27 farms were screened for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of ESBL producers was performed, along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 12 antibiotics.
RESULTS: All farmers reported antibiotic use, primarily tetracyclines (76.9%), macrolides (69.2%), polymyxins (61.5%), aminoglycosides (57.7%), and sulfonamides (53.8%), mainly for disease prophylaxis (65.38%) and often without veterinary supervision. ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were detected in 96.3% (26/27) of fecal samples, yielding 90 isolates identified as clinically relevant species: Klebsiella pneumoniae (42.2%, 38/90), Escherichia coli (38.9%, 35/90), and Enterobacter spp. (18.9%, 17/90). Overall, 74.8% (63/90) of isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 57.8% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, whereas no resistance to carbapenems was observed. Molecular characterization revealed the presence of bla CTX-M, bla SHV, and bla TEM genes, with bla CTX-M being the most prevalent (77.8%, 70/90), followed by bla SHV (54.4%, 49/90) and bla TEM (31.1%, 28/90). These genes were coexpressed in half of all isolates, predominantly in K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the widespread dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in poultry farms in Côte d'Ivoire, emphasizing the role of poultry as a reservoir for resistant bacteria and underscoring the urgent need for integrated surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship within a One Health framework.
METHODS: A semistructured questionnaire assessed veterinary practices across 26 farms, whereas chicken fecal samples from 27 farms were screened for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of ESBL producers was performed, along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 12 antibiotics.
RESULTS: All farmers reported antibiotic use, primarily tetracyclines (76.9%), macrolides (69.2%), polymyxins (61.5%), aminoglycosides (57.7%), and sulfonamides (53.8%), mainly for disease prophylaxis (65.38%) and often without veterinary supervision. ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were detected in 96.3% (26/27) of fecal samples, yielding 90 isolates identified as clinically relevant species: Klebsiella pneumoniae (42.2%, 38/90), Escherichia coli (38.9%, 35/90), and Enterobacter spp. (18.9%, 17/90). Overall, 74.8% (63/90) of isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 57.8% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, whereas no resistance to carbapenems was observed. Molecular characterization revealed the presence of bla CTX-M, bla SHV, and bla TEM genes, with bla CTX-M being the most prevalent (77.8%, 70/90), followed by bla SHV (54.4%, 49/90) and bla TEM (31.1%, 28/90). These genes were coexpressed in half of all isolates, predominantly in K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the widespread dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in poultry farms in Côte d'Ivoire, emphasizing the role of poultry as a reservoir for resistant bacteria and underscoring the urgent need for integrated surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship within a One Health framework.