Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Reconstruction.

Head and neck reconstruction is a technically demanding subspecialty where successful outcomes require precise restoration of facial form alongside masticatory and speech function. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms offer potential to expedite clinical workflows, flatten the surgical learning curve for head and neck surgeons, and enhance risk stratification of surgical patients. This article outlines the role of AI in automated image segmentation for preoperative virtual surgical planning and intraoperative guidance for perforator identification, assessment of skin paddle viability, and microvascular anastomosis safety. Applications in perioperative optimization and postoperative care of high-risk surgical patients are discussed.