Microsampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Environmental Toxicology Applications in Clinical Laboratories.

Microsampling workflows for therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicology testing are rapidly increasing as health care explores more patient-centered and decentralized diagnostics. These approaches offer benefits for testing access, including small sample volume, simplified and remote collection. Widespread adoption requires addressing their inherent preanalytical and analytical challenges, such as stability, collection variability, hematocrit and matrix effects, calibration and quality strategies, and correlation with traditional laboratory methods. Although guidance documents are increasingly available, implementation relies on individual laboratories performing thorough and assay-specific validation studies. This review summarizes preanalytical, analytical, and quality assurance considerations and offers practical solutions for supporting broader clinical adoption.