Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on All-Cellulose Triboelectric Layer for Droplet Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Agriculture Monitoring.

Cellulose-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) attract increasing attention; however, developing high-performance all-cellulose-based triboelectric layer TENGs remains challenging. In this study, a regenerated cellulose nanofiber film (R-CNF) is used as a substrate, and an aminosilane intermediate layer is introduced. By utilizing the silanol groups on the silane chains as compatible reactive sites for fluorination grafting, and simultaneously enhancing the bonding strength between modified layers through N-H···F-C hydrogen-bond interactions between amino and fluorine groups, a fluorinated regenerated cellulose nanofiber film (F-R-CNF) is successfully prepared. The degradation rate of F-R-CNF within 13 days is approximately 0.96%. When assembled into a TENG with an ethyl cellulose nanofiber film(ECNF), the output voltage of the resulting TENG is ten times higher than that of the R-CNF-based TENGs, while maintaining 85% of its output performance at 80% relative humidity. Furthermore, a droplet energy harvesting TENG (DE-TENG) is constructed to harvest energy from falling water droplets, demonstrating the potential of the DE-TENG to power agricultural micro-sensors. This study provides a feasible strategy for designing high-performance all-cellulose-based triboelectric layer triboelectric nanogenerators and reveals the great potential of F-R-CNF for self-powered devices and smart agriculture applications.