Translation and validation of the Taiwanese version of the incivility in nursing education-revised scale.

Incivility in Taiwanese nursing education remains poorly understood owing to the lack of an appropriate instrument. This study translated and culturally adapted the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised (INE-R) and evaluated its psychometric properties among nursing faculty and students in Taiwan. In a cross-sectional survey conducted at two nursing schools from October 2023 to April 2024, 308 of 358 distributed questionnaires were returned (86.0% response rate), and 266 were analyzed (67 faculty members and 199 students). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency, and multigroup analyses were performed. The Taiwanese INE-R showed high semantic similarity to the original instrument and excellent content validity (item-level content validity index = 1.00; content validity ratio = 0.99). The hypothesized two-factor model showed weak fit under maximum-likelihood estimation. A Bollen-Stine bootstrap with 2000 resamples was used only as a supplementary robustness check of the chi-square test p-value under multivariate nonnormality. A supplementary severity-frequency product-score model provided preliminary evidence of configural, metric, and structural covariance invariance across students and faculty (ΔCFI <0.01; ΔTLI <0.05), although the small and unbalanced faculty subsample limits interpretation. Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.944-0.966), and composite reliability exceeded 0.92; however, the lower-order factor among students showed marginal convergent validity (average variance extracted = 0.445). The Taiwanese INE-R demonstrated acceptable reliability and a tentative, interpretable two-factor structure. It may support the assessment and monitoring of incivility in Taiwanese nursing education, but further validation and intervention research with larger, more representative samples is needed.