Journal of pain research · 2026
Synergistic Inhibition of Spinal TRPV1 Signaling by Combined Eye Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture Alleviates Inflammatory Pain in a Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis.
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Chen Shan, He Yinyan, Que Bin, Liang Zhipeng, Chen Xin, Li Sheng, Zhou Rong
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Chronic pain caused by knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remains inadequately managed by safe, non-pharmacological therapies. Although acupuncture is recommended for KOA pain by clinical guidelines, the efficacy of single-modality acupuncture remains modest, and the synergistic mechanisms of combining different acupuncture modalities are poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether combining eye acupuncture (EAp) with electroacupuncture (EA) produces greater analgesia in a rat KOA model via regulation of TRPV1 signaling in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG).
METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats (19 males, 17 females) were randomized into sham, model, EA, and combination (EA + EAp) groups (n = 9 per group, each containing 4-5 rats of each sex). KOA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection combined with medial meniscectomy. After 7 days of intervention, mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were assessed. Serum concentrations of PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified by ELISA. TRPV1 expression in SDH and DRG was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot.
RESULTS: Combination treatment significantly elevated pain thresholds and was associated with reduced levels of all four cytokines compared to the model and EA groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). On day 7, the combination group showed a 2.2-fold increase in MWT compared to the model group (18.7 ± 2.6 g vs 8.5 ± 1.9 g, P < 0.001) and a 31.7% increase compared to the EA group (P < 0.01). Immunofluorescence showed the lowest TRPV1/DAPI fluorescence intensity ratio in the combination group in both DRG and SDH (P < 0.01 vs model; P < 0.05 vs EA). Western blot showed that combination therapy was associated with markedly lower total TRPV1 and phosphorylated TRPV1 (p-TRPV1) protein levels compared with the model and EA groups, with consistent trends in male and female rats.
CONCLUSION: Combined EAp and EA exert synergistic anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in KOA rats, which are associated with downregulation of TRPV1 signaling in the SDH and DRG.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether combining eye acupuncture (EAp) with electroacupuncture (EA) produces greater analgesia in a rat KOA model via regulation of TRPV1 signaling in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG).
METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats (19 males, 17 females) were randomized into sham, model, EA, and combination (EA + EAp) groups (n = 9 per group, each containing 4-5 rats of each sex). KOA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection combined with medial meniscectomy. After 7 days of intervention, mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were assessed. Serum concentrations of PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified by ELISA. TRPV1 expression in SDH and DRG was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot.
RESULTS: Combination treatment significantly elevated pain thresholds and was associated with reduced levels of all four cytokines compared to the model and EA groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). On day 7, the combination group showed a 2.2-fold increase in MWT compared to the model group (18.7 ± 2.6 g vs 8.5 ± 1.9 g, P < 0.001) and a 31.7% increase compared to the EA group (P < 0.01). Immunofluorescence showed the lowest TRPV1/DAPI fluorescence intensity ratio in the combination group in both DRG and SDH (P < 0.01 vs model; P < 0.05 vs EA). Western blot showed that combination therapy was associated with markedly lower total TRPV1 and phosphorylated TRPV1 (p-TRPV1) protein levels compared with the model and EA groups, with consistent trends in male and female rats.
CONCLUSION: Combined EAp and EA exert synergistic anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in KOA rats, which are associated with downregulation of TRPV1 signaling in the SDH and DRG.