Biomaterials advances · 2026
Bioactive κ-Carrageenan/hyaluronic acid hydrogel sheet dressing with sustained bromelain release to promote healing of full-thickness burn injury.
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Pezeshkian Zahra, Milan Peiman Brouki, Bagher Zohreh, Ghassemi Mohammad Reza, Hivechi Ahmad, Peyravian Noshad
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Burn injury requires effective wound dressings to accelerate healing and prevent complications. In this study, a bioactive, multifunctional, and engineered hydrogel sheet dressing composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and κ-Carrageenan (κ-Carr) biopolymers was created using CaCl₂-mediated physical crosslinking to encapsulate and control the release of Bromelain (Bro) extract for the healing of full-thickness burn injury.
METHODS: The hydrogel wound dressing's properties were analyzed through FTIR, swelling and degradation rates, rheometry, and Bro release tests. In vitro studies and animal models evaluated its safety and effectiveness, leading to the development of the κ-Carr-HA/Bro hydrogel sheet for burn wound healing.
RESULTS: The hydrogel exhibited rapid swelling (116%), an appropriate degradation rate over 21 days with sustained Bro release (84%), antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, and stable mechanical properties (G' > G″). In vitro studies demonstrated significantly enhanced fibroblast adhesion, viability, and proliferation (***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001, respectively) and improved scratch wound closure (***p < 0.001). Moreover, κ-Carr-HA/Bro extracts significantly promoted angiogenesis in HUVECs (****p < 0.0001 and *p < 0.05). In vivo burn wound studies showed significantly accelerated wound closure and re-epithelialization at days 3, 10, and 21, along with increased microvessel density and enhanced collagen deposition (****p < 0.0001). Gene expression analysis confirmed upregulation of VEGF and COL1 and downregulation of TNF-α at day 21 (****p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION: Overall, the κ-Carr-HA/Bro hydrogel sheet displayed a promising bioactive therapeutic platform with sustained and localized Bro extract release to accelerate the healing of full-thickness burn injury.
METHODS: The hydrogel wound dressing's properties were analyzed through FTIR, swelling and degradation rates, rheometry, and Bro release tests. In vitro studies and animal models evaluated its safety and effectiveness, leading to the development of the κ-Carr-HA/Bro hydrogel sheet for burn wound healing.
RESULTS: The hydrogel exhibited rapid swelling (116%), an appropriate degradation rate over 21 days with sustained Bro release (84%), antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, and stable mechanical properties (G' > G″). In vitro studies demonstrated significantly enhanced fibroblast adhesion, viability, and proliferation (***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001, respectively) and improved scratch wound closure (***p < 0.001). Moreover, κ-Carr-HA/Bro extracts significantly promoted angiogenesis in HUVECs (****p < 0.0001 and *p < 0.05). In vivo burn wound studies showed significantly accelerated wound closure and re-epithelialization at days 3, 10, and 21, along with increased microvessel density and enhanced collagen deposition (****p < 0.0001). Gene expression analysis confirmed upregulation of VEGF and COL1 and downregulation of TNF-α at day 21 (****p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION: Overall, the κ-Carr-HA/Bro hydrogel sheet displayed a promising bioactive therapeutic platform with sustained and localized Bro extract release to accelerate the healing of full-thickness burn injury.