Integrated laser ablation and temperature-sensitive liposomal doxorubicin delivery for early-stage breast cancer: a multiphysics modeling approach.

Laser ablation is a promising minimally invasive treatment for early-stage breast cancer, but incomplete ablation risks local recurrence. This multiphysics study combined laser ablation with doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSLs), timing ablation (808, 980, and 1064 nm; 1.5-5 W; 20 min) to peak interstitial TSL accumulation. At 980 nm, ablation and hyperthermia zones were widest, sufficient for a 2 cm tumor at 3 W. A ring of elevated intracellular DOX extended ∼15 mm beyond the ablation boundary, peaking within 5 mm and increasing with exposure. Synchronizing ablation with TSL-DOX delivery could improve local tumor control and reduce recurrence.