Temporal Trends and Regional Variability of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Adults: A Nationwide Analysis from Peru.

This study analyzed temporal trends and regional variability of the triglyceride-glucose index among adults receiving outpatient care in the Peruvian Social Health Insurance system. An observational analytical study based on repeated cross-sectional outpatient records was conducted using anonymized administrative data. Adults aged 18 years or older with valid fasting glucose and triglyceride measurements were included. The index was calculated as a continuous variable and categorized into quartiles. A total of 292,611 valid records were analyzed, predominantly women, with a mean age of 55.6 ± 14.9 years. The TyG index showed a mean value of 8.947 ± 0.577, indicating a wide distribution of values. A gradual decrease was observed during the study period, from 8.995 ± 0.588 in 2020 to 8.921 ± 0.570 in 2024, accompanied by a redistribution toward lower quartiles. Geographic heterogeneity was also identified, with higher average values in departments such as Loreto, Ayacucho, and Huánuco and lower values in Piura and Moquegua. Multivariable regression showed that calendar year was inversely associated with the index, whereas older age and male sex were positively associated. These findings highlight persistent regional variability and support the usefulness of this indicator for monitoring metabolic risk using routinely collected health data.