Journal of science and medicine in sport · 2026
Incidence of and return to play from head injury assessments in female, semi-elite, rugby league players.
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de Hollander Catherine, Connor Jonathan, Anscomb Helen, Leicht Anthony S
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of Head Injury Assessments in female, semi-elite rugby league players and to explore age- and sex-related differences in Head Injury Assessment rates and return to play periods.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
METHODS: Head Injury Assessment data from all matches (n = 258) and training sessions undertaken by Under 17 (U17), Under 19 (U19), and Open-age (Open) group players during the 2023 and 2024 Queensland Rugby League competitions were analysed. Head Injury Assessment incidence rates and ratios, and return to play times following positive Head Injury Assessments (diagnosed concussion) calculated and compared between groups.
RESULTS: Across 2023 and 2024, younger female players (U17 and/or U19) demonstrated significantly higher observed positive Head Injury Assessment rates than Open females, a pattern also observed in male competitions in 2024. Significant age differences were found in incidence rate ratios [95% confidence intervals] for observed positive Head Injury Assessments (2023 female U19 > Open, 2.88 [1.34-6.87], p = 0.003; 2024 female U17 and U19 > Open, 2.66 [1.32-5.51], p = 0.0045 & 1.96 [1.00-3.97], p = 0.037; and 2024 male U17 > Open, 2.18 [1.30-3.57], p = 0.002). Significant sex-related differences were found for the U19 female incidence rate ratios for observed positive and total Head Injury Assessments in 2023 compared to males (2.13 [1.17-3.98], p = 0.008 and 2.13 [1.17-3.98], p = 0.008). Return to play from observed positive Head Injury Assessments was comparable across age groups and sexes in 2023 while in the 2024 timeframes was significantly longer for younger compared to Open age groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Younger players demonstrated greater observed positive Head Injury Assessment incidence rates/ratios than their older counterparts, with policy changes between 2023 and 2024 likely contributing to the extended return to play timeframes for younger age groups.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
METHODS: Head Injury Assessment data from all matches (n = 258) and training sessions undertaken by Under 17 (U17), Under 19 (U19), and Open-age (Open) group players during the 2023 and 2024 Queensland Rugby League competitions were analysed. Head Injury Assessment incidence rates and ratios, and return to play times following positive Head Injury Assessments (diagnosed concussion) calculated and compared between groups.
RESULTS: Across 2023 and 2024, younger female players (U17 and/or U19) demonstrated significantly higher observed positive Head Injury Assessment rates than Open females, a pattern also observed in male competitions in 2024. Significant age differences were found in incidence rate ratios [95% confidence intervals] for observed positive Head Injury Assessments (2023 female U19 > Open, 2.88 [1.34-6.87], p = 0.003; 2024 female U17 and U19 > Open, 2.66 [1.32-5.51], p = 0.0045 & 1.96 [1.00-3.97], p = 0.037; and 2024 male U17 > Open, 2.18 [1.30-3.57], p = 0.002). Significant sex-related differences were found for the U19 female incidence rate ratios for observed positive and total Head Injury Assessments in 2023 compared to males (2.13 [1.17-3.98], p = 0.008 and 2.13 [1.17-3.98], p = 0.008). Return to play from observed positive Head Injury Assessments was comparable across age groups and sexes in 2023 while in the 2024 timeframes was significantly longer for younger compared to Open age groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Younger players demonstrated greater observed positive Head Injury Assessment incidence rates/ratios than their older counterparts, with policy changes between 2023 and 2024 likely contributing to the extended return to play timeframes for younger age groups.