Smoking cessation interventions in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

This is a protocol for a Cochrane review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primary objective To assess the effects of smoking cessation interventions, compared with no intervention, usual care, placebo, or alternative interventions, on sustained abstinence from smoking in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or co-occurring ADHD and ASD. Secondary objectives To assess whether the effects of smoking cessation interventions differ between adults with ADHD, ASD, and co‑occurring ADHD and ASD. To assess whether intervention effects vary according to participant characteristics (e.g. ADHD or ASD symptom profiles, co‑occurring mental health conditions, and alcohol- or substance-use disorders). To assess the safety and acceptability of smoking cessation interventions, including serious and non-serious adverse events and treatment discontinuation.