In Situ and Operando Spectroscopy for CO2 Capture and Utilization Technologies.

Public concerns about global warming have spurred in-depth research into the utilization of carbon dioxide collected from the air or stationary point sources. CO2 utilization is being explored in a wide range of application fields, including agriculture, fuel synthesis, fine chemical synthesis, and mineralization. Alongside significant recent progress in material science and engineering within these fields, mechanistic aspects have also gradually advanced. The simultaneous development of analytical technologies will greatly assist in the successful realization of sustainable, carbon-neutral societies. In this contribution, we review key developments in in situ spectroscopic analytics applied to the investigation of CO2 capture and utilization. The sections are categorized based on application fields and describe the principles of each spectroscopic technique and the information that can be gained. The spectroscopic techniques covered in this review include vibrational spectroscopy, x-ray spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and impedance spectroscopy.